Markdown公式符号

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整理Markdown 公式编辑常用数学符号。

字体样式

显示 符号 字体
\(ABCabc\) \$ABCabc\$ 直接写
\(\text{ABCabc}\) \text{ABCabc} 文本格式（内部可以再使用$）
\(\mathbf{ABCabc}\) \mathbf{ABCabc} 加粗
\(\boldsymbol{\alpha}\) \boldsymbol{\alpha} 加粗（其它字符）
\(\mathit{ABCabc}\) \mathit{ABCabc} 斜体
\(\pmb{ABCabc}\) \pmb{ABCabc} 粗斜体
\(\mathbb{ABCabc}\) \mathbb{ABCabc}或\Bbb{ABCabc} blackboard bold font
\(\mathtt{ABCabc}\) \mathtt{ABCabc} typewriter font
\(\mathrm{ABCabc}\) \mathrm{ABCabc} roman font
\(\mathsf{ABCabc}\) \mathsf{ABCabc} sans-serif font
\(\mathcal{ABCabc}\) \mathcal{ABCabc} calligraphic letters
\(\mathscr{ABCabc}\) \mathscr{ABCabc} script letters
\(\mathfrak{ABCabc}\) \mathfrak{ABCabc} Frakur letters

希腊字母

小写 符号 大写 符号 小写 符号 大写 符号
\(\alpha\) \alpha A \Alpha \(\beta\) \beta B \Beta
\(\gamma\) \gamma Γ \Gamma \(\delta\) \delta Δ \Delta
\(\epsilon\) \epsilon E \Epsilon \(\zeta\) \zeta Z \Zeta
\(\eta\) \eta H \Eta \(\theta\) \theta Θ \Theta
\(\iota\) \iota I \Iota \(\kappa\) \kappa K \Kappa
\(\lambda\) \lambda Λ \Lambda \(\mu\) \mu M \Mu
\(\nu\) \nu N \Nu \(\xi\) \xi Ξ \Xi
\(\pi\) \pi Π \Pi \(\rho\) \rho P \Rho
\(\sigma\) \sigma Σ \Sigma \(\tau\) \tau T \Tau
\(\upsilon\) \upsilon Υ \Upsilon \(\phi\) \phi Φ \Phi
\(\chi\) \chi X \Chi \(\psi\) \psi Ψ \Psi
\(\omega\) \omega Ω \Omega \(\omicron\) \omicron O \Omicron

算术运算

显示 符号 显示 符号 显示 符号
\(\times\) \times \(\div\) \div \(\cdot\) \cdot
\(<\) < \(>\) > \(\ll\) \ll
\(\gg\) \gg \(\lll\) \lll \(\pm\) \pm
\(\le\) \le或\leq \(\ge\) \ge或\geq \(\mp\) \mp
\(\leqq\) \leqq \(\geqq\) \geqq \(\neq\) \neq
\(\leqslant\) \leqslant \(\geqslant\) \geqslant \(\approx\) \approx
\(\sum\) \sum \(\prod\) \prod \(\int\) \int
\(arg\,\min_{c_k}\) arg\,\min_{c_k} \(arg\,\max_{c_k}\) arg\,\max_{c_k} \(\max_{c_k}\) \max_{c_k}
\(\mathop {argmin}_{c_k}\) \mathop {argmin}_{c_k} \(\mathop {argmax}_{c_k}\) \mathop {argmax}_{c_k} \(\min_{c_k}\) \min_{c_k}

逻辑运算

显示 符号 显示 符号 显示 符号
\(\land\) \land或\wedge \(\lor\) \lor或\vee \(\lnot\) \lnot或\neg
\(\forall\) \forall \(\exists\) \exists \(\top\) \top
\(\vdash\) \vdash \(\vDash\) \vDash \(\bot\) \bot

集合

显示 符号 显示 符号 显示 符号
\(\complement\) \complement \(\in\) \in \(\notin\) \notin
\(\subset\) \subset \(\subseteq\) \subseteq \(\subsetneq\) \subsetneq
\(\cap\) \cap \(\cup\) \cup \(\varnothing\) \varnothing
\(\emptyset\) \emptyset

音调

显示 符号 显示 符号
\(\bar a\) \bar a \(\acute{a}\) \acute{a}
\(\check{a}\) \check{a} \(\grave{a}\) \grave{a}
\(\breve{a}\) \breve{a} \(\dot{a}\) \dot{a}
\(\ddot{a}\) \ddot{a}
\(\hat{a}\) \hat{a} \(\tilde{a}\) \tilde{a}

括号

显示 符号 显示 符号
\((x)\) (x) \([x]\) [x]
\(\lbrace x \rbrace\) \lbrace x \rbrace \(\vert x \vert\) \vert x \vert
\(\Vert x \Vert\) \Vert x \Vert \(\langle x \rangle\) \langle x \rangle
\(\lceil x \rceil\) \lceil x \rceil \(\lfloor x \rfloor\) \lfloor x \rfloor

使用\left(或\right)可以使符号大小与邻近的公式相适应: \(( \frac{x}{y} ) \to \left( \frac{x}{y} \right)\)

箭头

显示 符号 显示 符号
\(\to\) \to \(\rightarrow\) \rightarrow
\(\leftarrow\) \leftarrow \(\mapsto\) \mapsto
\(\Rightarrow\) \Rightarrow \(\Leftarrow\) \Leftarrow
\(\implies\) \implies \(\impliedby\) \impliedby
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \Leftrightarrow \(\leftrightarrow\) \leftrightarrow
\(\nLeftarrow\) \nLeftarrow \(\nRightarrow\) \nRightarrow
\(\searrow\) \searrow \(\nearrow\) \nearrow
\(\nwarrow\) \nwarrow \(\swarrow\) \swarrow
\(\downarrow\) \downarrow \(\uparrow\) \uparrow
\(\Uparrow\) \Uparrow \(\Downarrow\) \Downarrow
\(\curvearrowleft\) \curvearrowleft \(\curvearrowright\) \curvearrowright
\(\rightleftarrows\) \rightleftarrows \(\leftrightarrows\) \leftrightarrows
\(\circlearrowleft\) \circlearrowleft \(\circlearrowright\) \circlearrowright
\(\xrightarrow[y>0]{x+y}\) \xrightarrow[y>0]{x+y} \(\xleftarrow{x+y}\) \xleftarrow{x+y}

上、下划线和上、下括号

显示 符号
\(\dot{h}\) \dot{h}
\(\vec{h}\) \vec{h}
\(\overline{h i j}\) \overline{h i j}
\(\overrightarrow{h i j}\) \overrightarrow{h i j}
\(\underline{h i j}\) \underline{h i j}
\(\widehat{h i j}\) \widehat{h i j}
\(\widetilde{h i j}\) \widetilde{h i j}
\(\underbrace{a+b+\cdots+z}_{10}\) \underbrace{a+b+\cdots+z}_{10}
\(\overbrace{a+b+\cdots+z}^{10}\) \overbrace{a+b+\cdots+z}^{10}

阵列

语法： $$\begin{array}…\end{array}$$，r右对齐，l左对齐，c居中，|垂直线，\hline横线，\\换行，元素之间以&间隔。

示例：

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$$
  \begin{array}{c|lcr}
    n & \text{Left} & \text{Center} & \text{Right} \\
    \hline
    1 & 0.24 & 1 & 125 \\
    2 & -1 & 189 & -8 \\
    3 & -20 & 2000 & 1+10i
  \end{array}
$$

\[ \begin{array}{c|lcr} n & \text{Left} & \text{Center} & \text{Right} \\ \hline 1 & 0.24 & 1 & 125 \\ 2 & -1 & 189 & -8 \\ 3 & -20 & 2000 & 1+10i \end{array} \]

矩阵

语法： $$\begin{matrix}…\end{matrix}$$，每行以\\结尾，元素之间以&间隔。

示例：

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$$
  \begin{matrix}
    1 & x & x^2 \\
    1 & y & y^2 \\
    1 & z & z^2 \\
  \end{matrix}
$$

\[ \begin{matrix} 1 & x & x^2 \\ 1 & y & y^2 \\ 1 & z & z^2 \\ \end{matrix} \]

添加括号：

  • pmatrix: ( )
  • bmatrix: [ ]
  • Bmatrix: { }
  • vmatrix: | |
  • Vmatrix: ‖ ‖

添加省略号：

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$$
  \begin{pmatrix}
    1 & a_1^2 & a_1^2 & \cdots & a_1^2 \\
    1 & a_2^2 & a_2^2 & \cdots & a_2^2 \\
    \vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
    1 & a_n^2 & a_n^2 & \cdots & a_n^2 \\
  \end{pmatrix}
$$

\[ \begin{pmatrix} 1 & a_1^2 & a_1^2 & \cdots & a_1^2 \\ 1 & a_2^2 & a_2^2 & \cdots & a_2^2 \\ \vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ 1 & a_n^2 & a_n^2 & \cdots & a_n^2 \\ \end{pmatrix} \]

水平增广矩阵： 使用阵列语法

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$$ 
  \left[
    \begin{array}{cc|c}
      1&2&3\\
      4&5&6
    \end{array}
  \right] 
$$

\[ \left[ \begin{array}{cc|c} 1&2&3\\ 4&5&6 \end{array} \right] \]

垂直增广矩阵：

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$$
  \begin{pmatrix}
    a & b\\
    c & d\\
    \hline
    1 & 0\\
    0 & 1
  \end{pmatrix}
$$

\[ \begin{pmatrix} a & b\\ c & d\\ \hline 1 & 0\\ 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix} \]

在行内插入矩阵： $\big( \begin{smallmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{smallmatrix} \big)$

等式对齐

语法： \begin{align}…\end{align}，每行以\\结尾，元素之间以&间隔。

示例：

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$$
  \begin{align}
    \sqrt{37} & = \sqrt{\frac{73^2-1}{12^2}} \\
     & = \sqrt{\frac{73^2}{12^2}\cdot\frac{73^2-1}{73^2}} \\ 
     & = \sqrt{\frac{73^2}{12^2}}\sqrt{\frac{73^2-1}{73^2}} \\
     & = \frac{73}{12}\sqrt{1 - \frac{1}{73^2}} \\ 
     & \approx \frac{73}{12}\left(1 - \frac{1}{2\cdot73^2}\right)
  \end{align}
$$

\[ \begin{align} \sqrt{37} & = \sqrt{\frac{73^2-1}{12^2}} \\ & = \sqrt{\frac{73^2}{12^2}\cdot\frac{73^2-1}{73^2}} \\ & = \sqrt{\frac{73^2}{12^2}}\sqrt{\frac{73^2-1}{73^2}} \\ & = \frac{73}{12}\sqrt{1 - \frac{1}{73^2}} \\ & \approx \frac{73}{12}\left(1 - \frac{1}{2\cdot73^2}\right) \end{align} \]

分段函数

语法： \begin{cases}…\end{cases}，每行以\\结尾，元素之间以&间隔。

示例：

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$$
  f(n) =
    \begin{cases}
      n/2,  & \text{if $n$ is even} \\
      3n+1, & \text{if $n$ is odd}
    \end{cases}
$$

\[ f(n) = \begin{cases} n/2, & \text{if $n$ is even} \\ 3n+1, & \text{if $n$ is odd} \end{cases} \]

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$$  
  \left.
    \begin{array}{l}
    \text{if $n$ is even:}&n/2\\
    \text{if $n$ is odd:}&3n+1
    \end{array}
  \right\}
  =f(n)
$$

\[ \left. \begin{array}{l} \text{if $n$ is even:}&n/2\\ \text{if $n$ is odd:}&3n+1 \end{array} \right\} =f(n) \]